The atlas of mitochondrial genetic diversity for Western Palaearctic butterflies

Motivation Butterflies represent a model in biology and flagship group for invertebrate conservation. We provide four new resources the Western Palaearctic butterflies: (1) an updated checklist comprising 552 species; (2) curated dataset of 32,126 mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences 532 species, including de novo reference library Maghreb (Morocco, northern Algeria Tunisia) Macaronesia (Azores, Madeira Canary Islands); (3) seven indexes intraspecific genetic variation (IGV): observed expected number haplotypes, haplotype nucleotide diversity, two fixation maximum p-distance; (4) species-level maps illustrating distribution COI variability networks. The will be fundamental any application dealing with butterfly diversity Palaearctic. IGV measures polymorphism spatial structure proxies dispersal capacity. These facilitate comparative studies macrogenetics, foster integrative taxonomy aid conservation strategies. Main types variables contained A complete species table format, DNA barcodes provided metadata (species membership, WGS84 coordinates sequence length) book PDF atlas indexes, are provided. Spatial location grain encompasses Europe up to Urals east, north (the Azores, Islands) Tunisia). have been retained geographical interval −31.3 67.5° longitude 27.5–71.2° latitude. Time period originate from published between 1998 2022 sequencing 2541 specimens done 2007 2022. Major taxa level measurement (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea), analysed individual level. Software format Data functions manage iodatabase R package (https://github.com/leondap/iodatabase) Dryad (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.9w0vt4bjj).